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Enquiry : +41 79 937 33 20

Email : [email protected]

Garhwal and Kumaon in Uttarakhand – A Rich Tapestry of Hindu Culture

Uttarakhand, a picturesque mountainous state in northern India, is divided into two main regions: Garhwal and Kumaon. Nestled between the states of Himachal Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh, and bordered by Nepal and Tibet, Uttarakhand is home to some of the most awe-inspiring snow-capped peaks of the Himalayas. This region is also a land of profound spiritual significance, hosting some of the holiest sites for Hindus. While western tourism remains relatively limited, most visitors are pilgrims who travel to Garhwal, particularly to the sources of the Ganges, which are revered as sacred. In Devprayag, where the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers converge, the town has become a major pilgrimage destination. Stairs carved into the rocky banks lead visitors down to the holy river.
For those wishing to immerse themselves in the spiritual atmosphere, a visit to Gangotri offers the chance to partake in Hindu purification rituals, or explore one of the many yoga schools in the region for a deeper connection to the practice. Whether you're seeking a short yoga retreat, Ayurvedic treatments in luxurious ashrams in Rishikesh, or a trek along alpine pastures surrounded by pine and birch forests, Uttarakhand offers unparalleled opportunities to connect with both nature and spirituality.
The Garhwal and Kumaon regions are not only known for their diverse landscapes but also for the rich culture and traditions of their people. Kumaon, in particular, is famed for its warriors, with the Kumaon Regiment celebrated for its courage and honor during British colonial rule. Visitors will also experience the warmth and hospitality of the local population, who welcome travelers with open arms and bright smiles

Important information

Garhwal is in the western part of Uttarakhand, and its capital is Dehradun. It includes popular tourist destinations like Rishikesh, Haridwar, and the Char Dham (Gangotri, Yamunotri, Kedarnath, and Badrinath) pilgrimage sites.

Kumaon is in the eastern part of Uttarakhand, with Nainital as one of its prominent cities. It is known for its scenic beauty, hill stations like Almora and Ranikhet, and spiritual places like the temples of Purnagiri and Jageshwar./p>

Rishikesh lies on the banks of the Ganges River, at the foothills of the Himalayas, where ancient temples coexist with modern ones along the banks of the Ganges. Here visitors can deepen their spiritual journey.

We help connect travelers with Hindu yogis, offer visits to traditional yoga schools, and guide treks through lush alpine meadows—especially during spring when the landscapes are alive with vibrant blossoms. Through sustainable tourism initiatives, we support local communities and promote an authentic experience of Uttarakhand’s alpine flora, fauna, and its Hindu reverence for the divine.

The best time to visit Uttarakhand is during the spring, from late January to May, when nature comes alive and trekking routes are open. The months of October and November are also ideal for travel, as the monsoon has passed, leaving the landscape lush and vibrant. However, from June to September, the monsoon season brings heavy rainfall, making travel and trekking more challenging. While the winter months are beautiful and offer a chance to admire the untouched landscapes, they are less suitable for trekking at high altitudes due to the cold temperatures.

In the extreme northwest of India, bordering with Tibet in the east, with the Indian state of Punjab in the south west, with Haryana and Uttar Pradesh in the south, and Uttarakhand in the southeast, as well as with Ladakh / Jammu and Kashmir in the north and northwest.

Area : 53.483 km2
Population : 11.84 millio / 221 pro km2 (2021)
Capital : Dehradun
Districts : 13: Dehradun, Haridwar, Tehri Garhwal, Uttarkashi, Chamoli, Pauri Garhwal, Rudraprayag (division of Garhwal) as well as Almora, Bageshwar, Champawat, Nainital, Pithoragarh, Udham Singh Nagar (division Kumaon)
Topography : In the south, the Ganges plain, at an altitude of only 300-400 m above sea level. To the north the land rises then over the foothills of the Himalayas up to the peak of the Nanda Devi with 7816 meters of altitude.
Vegetation : Subtropical vegetation in the Ganges plain, which changes according to the height of the ascent right up to alpine vegetation. Accordingly large plant diversity: subtropical trees, bamboo, ferns, orchids and magnolia, mixed forests of beeches, oak and chestnut trees, and rhododendron. In the valleys of a moderate altitude an impressive number of flowers, up to 1000 different species bloom at the same time. On high altitudes a wide variety of alpine (healing) herbs and grasses.
Wildlife : As wide as the variety of vegetation is also the diversity of wildlife: From elephant, rhinoceros, bears and tigers in the lowlands (which are only to be found in conservation areas) a surprisingly high number of birds will delight ornithologists, to the presence of snow leopards, yaks and many sheep and goat species in the high places. In addition, reptiles, amphibians and insects in large numbers.
Climate : Subtropical continental climate with summer monsoon.
Temperatures : Maximum values throughout the year between 82°F and 95°F, at night cooling down to 64°F. For every 328 feet rise above sea level, a reduction in the temperature of about 0.9°F to 1.8°F must be expected.
Rainfall : Overall, more than 78.7 inches of rainfall per year, of which 80% falls during the monsoon months from June to mid-October.
Languages : Hindi (almost 90%) with Kumaoni and Garhwali as major dialects, Urdu, Punjabi, Bengali, Nepali.
Ethnicities : In the lowlands and in the low mountain ranges are living mainly members of the higher Hindu castes, Brahmins and Rajputs. In the high mountains on the other hand, there is a multitude of tribes which are considered to belong to the Bothia and the Lepcha, and which are of Buddhist faith. Further more live in Uttarakhand descendants of Pakistani tribes as well Bengalis and Nepalese.
Religions : Above all Hinduism, ~.. 85%, Islam ~. 12% Islam, Sikhism ~.. 2.5%
Economy : The population is for the most part engaged in agriculture and livestock breeding, but covers with it mainly its own needs, due to the difficult conditions. Tourism is an important source of income.
Getting their : From Delhi by train and car.
Visa / Entry permit : To enter India, a passport that is valid for at least another six months and a visa are required. Special permits for trekking and areas near international borders may be required.

Uttarakhand's population is relatively uniform compared to other Himalayan regions. In the lower mountains, Brahmins and Rajputs (higher-caste Hindus), along with some Bengalis and Punjabis who immigrated after British rule, are the predominant groups. In contrast, the high mountain regions are home to a mix of small tribes of Tibetan and Nepalese origin.

Around 85% of the population practices Hinduism, with some areas hosting Muslim communities, particularly among those of Punjabi descent. In the higher altitudes, Buddhism is practiced, often intertwined with Hindu influences, though "pure" Tibetan Buddhism and shamanism are less common. The state is home to key Hindu pilgrimage sites like Devprayag and Gangotri, where visitors can witness sacred ceremonies and the beauty of the Ganges River's source.

Uttarakhand's cuisine is diverse, thanks to modern imports of fruits and vegetables, which have replaced the traditional reliance on home-grown crops. The staple diet includes rice, often prepared as curry, and dal (lentil stew). Small food stalls throughout the cities offer affordable meals and snacks, with tropical fruits like oranges and mangoes especially abundant in late summer. Due to the predominance of Hinduism, meat consumption is limited, though it is available in restaurants. Visitors should be cautious with raw or unpeeled fruits and vegetables, as Western stomachs can be sensitive to local bacteria. The food reflects the region's cultural and religious influences, offering a blend of simple, hearty dishes.

Uttarakhand is a haven for nature lovers, with its rich diversity of flora and fauna. The state is home to vibrant meadows, lush forests, and a variety of wildlife, including rare species found in its national parks. The blooming orchids in the spring and the colorful butterflies flitting about add to the region's charm. Shepherds can be seen guiding their flocks, while national parks like Jim Corbett provide opportunities to spot Bengal tigers, Indian leopards, and Asian elephants. Other parks, like the Rajaji National Park, protect similar wildlife and host one of the largest populations of Asian elephants in India.

Uttarakhand is known for its diverse national parks and sanctuaries. Jim Corbett National Park, established in 1936, is India’s oldest protected area, home to Bengal tigers, Indian leopards, and more than 580 bird species. Rajaji National Park, adjacent to Corbett, is even larger and also boasts a significant population of Asian elephants. The Valley of Flowers, a UNESCO World Heritage site, is a botanical paradise, home to rare species like the Himalayan musk deer and black bear. The Nanda Devi National Park, with its breathtaking mountain views and biodiversity, offers trekkers a chance to explore remote alpine environments and unique wildlife.

Uttarakhand is renowned for its pristine mountain landscapes, where mining is minimal, and human settlement is sparse. The high-altitude trekking routes through lush green hills offer stunning panoramic views, with the majestic white peaks of the Himalayas looming in the background. The state’s natural beauty and tranquility make it an ideal destination for trekking, where travelers can enjoy both the rich flora and fauna of the region and the stunning vistas of the surrounding mountains.

Name Physical Challenge Maximum Altitude Duration Accommodation Notes / Description
Trekking (3600 – 4800 meters)
Nanda Devi East Base Camp Moderate to demanding 4200 meters 14 days Tent Crosses Milam valley; glacier feeds Milam & Pindar rivers; views of Mt. Nanda Devi East. Prior high-altitude trekking experience required.
Source of the Ganges (Tapovan) Moderate to demanding 4500 meters 9 days Mountain cabins, tent Comfortable trek to Ganges source; ascent to Tapovan is challenging. Prior high-altitude trekking experience required.
Mountaineering (Above 5600 meters)
Mt. Baljuri (Kumaon) Moderate 5922 meters 12 days Tent Trek via Loharkhet - Dhakuri - Khati - Dwali - Base Camp. Attempt summit. Views of Nanda Khat, Changuch, Nada Kot, Longstaff Col, Nanda Devi East.
Mt. Ronti (Garhwal) Moderate 6063 meters 12 days Tent Trek via Debal – Sutol – Sitel – Homakund (Base Camp) – Ronti. Summit via Ronti-saddle. Views of Trishul, Nanda Ghunti, Neelkanth, Chaukhamba, Kedarnath.

Uttarakhand is a relatively young state in the Republic of India, formed in the year 2000 when it was separated from Uttar Pradesh. Initially, the state was named Uttaranchal until 2006, when it adopted its current name. The seat of government is Dehradun, located in the Garhwal division at an average altitude of 680 meters above sea level.

Historically, the region was home to two peaceful kingdoms, Kumaon and Garhwal, for many centuries. It was only at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th centuries that the Nepalese Gurkhas and later the British invaded the area, bringing the region under their control

Like many Himalayan regions, the economy of Uttarakhand is primarily based on agriculture, with the majority of the population engaged in farming for personal consumption. In the lower regions, rice is cultivated, while higher altitudes are suitable for growing potatoes, millet, vegetables, and apples. Livestock is also raised, particularly in the mountain settlements of indigenous tribes, mainly for self-sufficiency. Tourism has become an increasingly important source of income, particularly from Hindu pilgrims traveling along the Ganges. These pilgrims visit the region to reach the source rivers of the Ganges and perform purification ceremonies at places like Devprayag. The state government promotes sustainable tourism, ensuring the involvement of local communities while protecting the natural landscapes.

Uttarakhand celebrates a variety of Hindu, Buddhist, and Muslim festivals, all rooted in their respective traditions. These festivals follow the lunar calendar, so their dates change each year. The state’s many sacred sites, especially along the Ganges and its source rivers, make Hindu festivals particularly appealing to tourists. Rituals like purification ceremonies on the riverbanks are especially captivating. Additionally, many villages observe unique regional festivals tied to local customs, agricultural cycles, and Hindu rituals, enriching the cultural landscape. We’re happy to help you plan participation in these vibrant ceremonies during your visit!

January
  • Makar Sankranti: A major Hindu festival celebrating the harvest, with special significance in Uttarakhand for the farming community. It involves kite flying, bonfires, and various fairs.
February
  • Basant Panchami: Celebrates the arrival of spring. People dress in yellow, sing and dance, and worship Goddess Saraswati.
March/April
  • Holi: The vibrant festival of colors celebrating the arrival of spring and the victory of good over evil. It is celebrated with much enthusiasm across Uttarakhand.
  • Khatarua: A traditional festival celebrated in the Kumaon region, marking the end of the winter season and the start of the new farming season.
April/May
  • Buddha Purnima: Celebrates the birth, enlightenment, and death of Lord Buddha. It is especially celebrated in the Buddhist regions of Uttarakhand, including areas near the Tibetan border.
June
  • Ganga Dussehra: Celebrates the descent of the Ganges to earth. Pilgrims gather along the banks of the Ganges in places like Haridwar and Rishikesh for religious rituals and bathing in the holy river.
July
  • Nanda Devi Raj Jat Yatra: A once-every-12-years important pilgrimage in Uttarakhand dedicated to the goddess Nanda Devi, attracting thousands of pilgrims (usually held in July-August).
August
  • Raksha Bandhan: A festival celebrating the bond between brothers and sisters, symbolized by tying a sacred thread (rakhi) on the brother’s wrist.
  • Janmashtami: Celebrates the birth of Lord Krishna with prayers, songs, and dances, especially in temples.
September
  • Kartik Purnima: A traditional harvest festival dedicated to the worship of the Sun God and celebrated with rituals, especially in the Garhwal region.
  • Ganesha Chaturthi: Celebrates the birth of Lord Ganesha. People bring idols to homes or public spaces, and perform prayers and dances.
October
  • Dussehra: Celebrates the victory of Lord Rama over Ravana. Major festival with large processions, effigy burning, and cultural events.
October/November
  • Diwali: The festival of lights, celebrating the return of Lord Rama to Ayodhya. Homes and temples are decorated with lamps, and there are fireworks, prayers, and family gatherings.
November
  • Tihar (Deepawali): A five-day celebration similar to Diwali but with regional differences. Cows, dogs, and even birds are worshipped during this festival in Uttarakhand.
  • Maitli and Kumaon Chhewar: Celebrated in the Kumaon region, marking the rites of passage for young boys and girls.
December
  • Maghi Mela: A major fair in the Kumaon region, marking the harvest season and associated with the worship of local deities.
Regional and Other Festivals
  • Makar Sankranti and Kumbh Mela (every 12 years) A major gathering of Hindu pilgrims, especially held in Haridwar during Makar Sankranti, attracting millions to the banks of the Ganges.

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